General Studies III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management

INDIAN ECONOMY

• Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
• Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
• Government Budgeting.

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROCESSING

• Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country,
• Different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage,
• Transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints;
• E-technology in the aid of farmers.

• Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices;
• Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping;
• Issues of buffer stocks and food security;
• Technology missions;
• Economics of animal-rearing.
• Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.

REFORMS IN INDIA

• Land reforms in India.
• Economic Reforms in India
• Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
• Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
• Investment models.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

• Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
• Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
• Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

ENVIRONMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT 

• Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
• Disaster and disaster management.

INTERNAL SECURITY

• Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
• Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
• Challenges to internal security through communication networks,
• Role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges,
• Basics of cyber security;
• Money laundering and its prevention.
• Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
• Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

UPSC CALENDER 2026