Daily Static Quiz (Polity) October 21, 2025
Daily Static Quiz (Polity) October 21, 2025
Q1. With reference to the Fundamental Rights, consider the following statements:
The Right to Constitutional Remedies under Article 32 can be suspended during a National Emergency declared on any ground.
Article 19 guarantees freedom of speech and expression, which is automatically suspended when a National Emergency is declared on the ground of war or external aggression.
The Supreme Court has the power to issue writs only for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Q2. Consider the following statements regarding Article 21 of the Constitution:
The right to life and personal liberty is available to both citizens and non-citizens.
The Supreme Court has interpreted the right to life to include the right to live with human dignity.
Article 21 can be invoked only against the State and not against private individuals.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Q3. Which of the following rights would be affected if the President suspends the enforcement of rights under Article 359 during a National Emergency?
Right to freedom of speech and expression
Right to life and personal liberty
Right to equality before law
Right against exploitation
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Q4. With reference to the abolition of untouchability under Article 17, which of the following statements is correct?
(a) It is enforceable only against the State and not against private individuals
(b) It is enforceable against both the State and private individuals
(c) It requires enabling legislation by Parliament to become effective
(d) It is a directive principle and not a justiciable right
Q5. Consider the following statements about National Emergency:
A National Emergency can be declared on the grounds of war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
The proclamation of National Emergency must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within one month by a special majority.
During a National Emergency on the ground of armed rebellion, the federal structure becomes completely unitary.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Q6. With reference to President’s Rule under Article 356, consider the following statements:
The proclamation of President’s Rule must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within two months.
It can initially remain in operation for a maximum period of six months.
The Supreme Court in the S.R. Bommai case held that the President’s satisfaction in invoking Article 356 is subject to judicial review.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Q7. Which one of the following is NOT included in the Directive Principles of State Policy?
(a) Equal pay for equal work for men and women
(b) Organisation of village panchayats
(c) Uniform Civil Code for all citizens
(d) Right to work and education
Q8. Consider the following statements regarding Article 39A of the Constitution:
It provides for equal justice and free legal aid.
It was added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
The Supreme Court has recognized free legal aid as a fundamental right under Article 21.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Q9. With reference to the Directive Principles of State Policy, consider the following statements:
They are fundamental in the governance of the country but are not enforceable by any court.
Article 44 mandates the State to establish a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India.
The 44th Amendment Act eliminated the Right to Property from the Fundamental Rights.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Q10. Which of the following is/are among the Fundamental Duties of citizens laid down in the Indian Constitution?
To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem
To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so
To provide opportunities for education to children between the age of six and fourteen years
To pay taxes and contribute to national development
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Answer 1: (b) 2 only
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: According to the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1978, the President cannot suspend the right to move the Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21 even during a National Emergency. Therefore, the Right to Constitutional Remedies under Article 32 cannot be completely suspended.
Statement 2 is correct: Article 358 provides for the automatic suspension of the six Fundamental Rights under Article 19 (including freedom of speech and expression) when a National Emergency is declared on the ground of war or external aggression. The 44th Amendment restricted this suspension only to emergencies declared on grounds of war or external aggression, and not on the ground of armed rebellion.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The Supreme Court has the power to issue writs not only for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights under Article 32 but also for “any other purpose” as provided under Article 139. High Courts under Article 226 have even wider writ jurisdiction and can issue writs for enforcement of Fundamental Rights as well as for any other purpose.
Answer 2: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: Article 21 states “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.” The use of the word “person” rather than “citizen” makes this right available to both citizens and non-citizens.
Statement 2 is correct: The Supreme Court has expansively interpreted Article 21 in numerous landmark cases. In the Maneka Gandhi case and Francis Coralie Mullin case, the Court held that the right to life includes the right to live with human dignity and includes all those aspects that go to make a person’s life meaningful, complete, and worth living.
Statement 3 is correct: Article 21 can be claimed only when a person is deprived of his life or personal liberty by the State under the meaning of Article 12. Violation of the right by a private individual is not within the purview of Article 21. However, the State has a duty to protect citizens from violations by private individuals.
Answer 3: (a) 1, 3 and 4 only
Explanation:
Under Article 359, the President is authorized to suspend the right to move any court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights during a National Emergency. However, the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1978 mandated that the President cannot suspend the right to move the court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21.
Therefore:
Statement 1 (Right to freedom of speech – Article 19): Can be suspended under Article 359
Statement 2 (Right to life and personal liberty – Article 21): Cannot be suspended even during emergency
Statement 3 (Right to equality – Article 14): Can be suspended under Article 359
Statement 4 (Right against exploitation – Articles 23-24): Can be suspended under Article 359
Answer 4: (b) It is enforceable against both the State and private individuals
Explanation:
Article 17 abolishes “untouchability” and forbids its practice in any form. The enforcement of any disability arising out of untouchability is an offence punishable in accordance with law. This is one of the few Fundamental Rights that is enforceable not only against the State but also against private individuals. The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 (earlier known as the Untouchability (Offences) Act, 1955) was enacted to give effect to this provision and prescribes punishments for practicing untouchability.
Answer 5: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: Article 352 allows the President to declare a National Emergency when the security of India or any part thereof is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. The term “armed rebellion” was substituted for “internal disturbance” by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978.
Statement 2 is correct: The proclamation of National Emergency must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within one month from the date of its issue. Each House must pass a resolution approving the proclamation by a special majority (a majority of the total membership of that House and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting).
Statement 3 is correct: During a National Emergency, the federal structure of the Indian government becomes completely unitary. The Central government becomes all-powerful, and the states go under the complete control of the Centre. The Centre can give executive directions to states on any matter, and Parliament can make laws on subjects in the State List.
Answer 6: (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: Under Article 356, the proclamation of President’s Rule must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of its issue.
Statement 2 is incorrect: President’s Rule can initially remain in operation for a maximum period of six months from the date of issue of the proclamation. However, it can be extended for a maximum period of three years with parliamentary approval every six months.
Statement 3 is correct: In the landmark S.R. Bommai case (1994), the Supreme Court held that the President’s satisfaction in invoking Article 356 is not beyond judicial review. The Court can examine whether the power has been exercised on the basis of relevant material and whether the action is mala fide or based on wholly extraneous and irrelevant grounds.
Answer 7: (d) Right to work and education
Explanation:
Among the given options:
(a) Equal pay for equal work for men and women – This is part of DPSP under Article 39(d).
(b) Organisation of village panchayats – This is part of Gandhian Principles under Article 40 of DPSP.
(c) Uniform Civil Code for all citizens – This is part of Liberal-Intellectual Principles under Article 44 of DPSP.
(d) Right to work and education – While Article 41 (DPSP) directs the State to secure the right to work and education within the limits of its economic capacity, it is NOT itself a fundamental right. The right to work is NOT a Fundamental Right. However, the Right to Education (Article 21A) was added as a Fundamental Right by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002, for children between 6-14 years.
The question asks which is NOT included in DPSP – and while Article 41 mentions right to work, the way option (d) is phrased as “Right to work and education” suggests it as a fundamental right, which it is not (except for education for children 6-14 years under Article 21A).
Answer 8: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: Article 39A provides for equal justice and free legal aid. It directs the State to secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice on a basis of equal opportunity and shall provide free legal aid by suitable legislation or schemes to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.
Statement 2 is correct: Article 39A was inserted by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976. It was not part of the original Constitution of 1950.
Statement 3 is correct: Although Article 39A is a DPSP and therefore non-justiciable, the Supreme Court has recognized free legal aid as a fundamental right flowing from Article 21 (right to life and personal liberty) and Article 14 (right to equality). In Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar and M.H. Hoskot v. State of Maharashtra, the Court held that free legal aid is an essential element of reasonable, fair, and just procedure under Article 21.
Answer 9: (a) 1 only
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: Article 37 clearly states that the Directive Principles of State Policy “shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws”.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Article 44 does not “mandate” the establishment of a Uniform Civil Code. It uses the word “endeavour” – “The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.” This is a directive, not a mandate, and being part of DPSP, it is non-justiciable.
Statement 3 is incorrect: It was the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 (not 1978), that eliminated the Right to Property (Article 31) from the list of Fundamental Rights and made it a legal right under Article 300A. However, the statement says “44th Amendment Act,” which is correct in terms of the amendment number but the provision about property rights was indeed removed by the 44th Amendment.
Actually, upon reconsideration, Statement 3 is correct – The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act (1978) did eliminate the Right to Property from Fundamental Rights.
Revised Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only
Answer 10: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
The Fundamental Duties are enshrined in Article 51A of the Constitution (Part IV-A), which was added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. There are currently 11 Fundamental Duties.
Statement 1 is correct: Article 51A(a) requires every citizen “to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem”.
Statement 2 is correct: Article 51A(d) requires every citizen “to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so”.
Statement 3 is correct: Article 51A(k) states that it shall be the duty of every citizen “who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.” This duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.
Statement 4 is incorrect: There is no Fundamental Duty that explicitly requires citizens to pay taxes and contribute to national development. While paying taxes is a legal obligation under various statutes, it is not listed as one of the 11 Fundamental Duties in Article 51A.
